Cadmium is a heavy metal which has plenty of applications in different industries. Cadmium can penetrate from the sewage or waste of industry into the environmental soil and water causing damage to the environment and living organisms. In the present study different concentrations of cadmium (from 10-200 mg/L) was added into the media of plant Chlorophytum comosum and its effects were assessed. The results showed that treatment with 50 mg/L of cadmium did not have any effect neither on the leaves nor on the internal cellular components. However the roots showed some minor morphological alteration and the same slight changes in the nucleus was observed. In concentrations of 100 to 200 mg/L of cadmium some morphological alterations were seen in the leaves and the roots. In 100 mg/L, length of roots decreased and chlorosis was observed in some leaves. Morphology of nucleus and some mitochondria were also altered and the number of chloroplasts decreased. In 200 mg/L of cadmium, chlorosis was observed in almost all leaves and no roots were produced. Transmission electron microscopy showed a complete destruction of nuclei and internal organelles in the leaves.

We have studied 47 patients who had Macroscopic Hematuria. All of these patients have had TUR P at least one year ago.We evaluated them for etiologic cause of hematuria with physical examination, Urine Analysis, urine culture and ultrasonografy. We found that the most common cause was Recurrent of "B.P.H." and second cause was infection.

Background and Objective: Overweight and obesity are increasing in the last three decades indicates the strong influence of environmental factors. Fats are the most important sources of human food which is considered as one of the reason for obesity. Among the components of the diet, poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are resulting in obesity. This study was done to evaluate the effect of diets containing poly unsaturated fatty acid on body weight and colon Macroscopic properties in rabbit.Methods: In this experimental study, 24 female rabbits were allocated into three experimental groups including short, medium and long term and control groups (three subgroups). Animals in experimental groups were received diet containing corn oil for one month (short term), two months (medium term) and three months (long term). Animals at the end of the first, second and third months, were weighed and dissected and taken biopsy from colon. The Macroscopic properties of the samples including shape and arrangement of Haustration were evaluated.Results: Over weight was not in the long – term consumption of corn oil in comparison with controls, but Haustra organization in different parts of the colon were disappeard in experimental animals.Conclusion: The diet containing poly unsaturated fatty acid causes Macroscopic alteration in rabbit colon.

Background: Avocado peels (Persea americana Mill.) contain polyphenolic compounds that can be used as alternative medicinal plants, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal agents. This research aims to determine the acute toxicity of ethanol extract from avocado peels on ddY strain mice. Methods: This experimental research using Acute Toxic Class Method (OECD 423) was conducted on 15 female mice ddY strain that were divided into five groups with one control group (CG) and four treatment groups. The four treatment groups administrated by ethanolic extract of avocado peel at Group 1 (G1) with 300 mg/kgBW single dose, Group 2 (G2) with 300 mg/kgBW repeated dose, Group 3 (G3) with 2,000 mg/kgBW single dose, and Group 4 (G4) with 2,000 mg/kgBW repeated dose were observed for 14 days. Results: The results showed that avocado peels did not cause any toxic symptoms, including mortality (0%). No behavioral abnormalities or Macroscopic changes in organ color, size, and relative organ weight were observed. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences in the relative liver and kidney weight between the control and treatment groups (P>0.05). Although a reduction in body weight was noted, it was not statistically significant (P>0.05) Conclusion: All doses of the ethanolic extract of avocado peels fall into the practically non-toxic category (category 5) based on Globally Harmonised System (GHS).

Advancement in nanotechnology depends on the understanding of the behavior of matter in nanoscale. In this report, we have demonstrated, through a unique molecular simulation procedure, that properties of matter in nanosystems do not follow the same rules as in Macroscopic systems. More specifically, it is shown that extensive properties such as internal energy and entropy are not extensive, and intensive properties such as temperature and pressure are not intensive in nanosystems, in contrast to Macroscopic systems. Variations of the Euler exponents for these properties as a function of the number of particles of the system are reported. As the size of the system increases, the value of these exponents approaches integers that correspond to those of the Macroscopic systems.      

In this study, fetus samples of 200 pregnant goat which slaughtered in Tabriz  slaughterhouse were collected in autumn. Sampling was randomly. Age of collected fetuses calculated by Gull and et al formula X=2.74 Y+30.15.After opening the abdominal hole of different age fetuses location of testis in abdomen and time of its descending to scrotum have been investigated. Macroscopic studies showed that first migration of testis is coincident with mesonephrous degeneration in 45 day fetuses. In day 59, whole of mesonephrous is assimilated and changed to epididymis. In this age gubernaculums tissue is inflated and expanded. In day 89, testis is seen in middle of inguinal canal and till day 106 of pregnancy, testis has descended 1/3 of inguinal canal to scrotum. In day 153 (birthday) the complete descending of testicle to scrotum is done. On the basis of studies we can conclude that testis location in goat is like Ox, sheep, horse and human happens in birth time and testis descending to scrotum follows degeneration of gubernaculums.

Since the establishment of the quantum mechanics, researchers in physics have been studying superposition states and especially proposing setups for generating Macroscopic objects in a quantum superposition state. Such states are important and of interest both from a foundational perspective and for their applications in the emerging quantum technologies. Here, we propose a circuit quantum electrodynamical setup and an adiabatic scheme for preparing a Macroscopic and massive object in a quantum superposition state. The scheme is based on establishing a spatial double-well potential for a Macroscopic object and preparing it in the ground state of the potential via an adiabatic transition. The resulting state is a spatial superposition state where the object assumes a superposition of bulked to two opposite directions, e.g. right and left. By numerical solving of the quantum optical master equation and including the environmental effects, we show that the target cat state is achievable with a high fidelity provided the process satisfies the adiabaticity conditions.

Uterine sarcoma is a rare tumor of mesodermal origin, accounting for 2-6% of uterine malignancies. Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) has been reported in only 1% of all uterine malignancies and is regarded as the most common primary uterine sarcoma. Herein, we present a case of LMS with unusual Macroscopic features. The patient was a 61-years-old woman with LMS, which consisted of a large cystic mass (88´136 mm), containing six liters of brownish fluid on the right side of the pelvis and abdomen. The fundus of the uterus was ruptured by the solid part of the tumor. For treatment, total hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy and the optimal resection of tumor were carried out. Overall, the distinctive biological behavior and poor overall survival of uterine sarcoma challenge the post-operative management of this tumor. According to the one-year follow-up, the patient was disease-free. Unfortunately, no further data is available beyond this period.